The area has experienced a series of upheavals and new formation of states. The area is therefore in very many writers been named “The Cradle of Civilization.” There is evidence of written culture and early state formation in this northern steppe area, although the written formation of the states relatively quickly shifted its center of gravity into the Mesopotamian valley and developed there. The area west and north of the plains of the Euphrates and Tigris also saw the emergence of early complex societies in the much later Bronze Age (about 4000 BC). Man now entered in symbiosis with grain and livestock species, with no opportunity to return to hunter – gatherer societies. The western zone and areas around the upper Euphrates gave growth to the first known Neolithic farming communities with small, round houses, also referred to as Pre Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) cultures, which dates to just after 10,000 BC and include areas such as Jericho, the world’s oldest city.ĭuring the subsequent PPNB from 9000 BC these communities developed into larger villages with farming and animal husbandry as the main source of livelihood, with settlement in the two-story, rectangular house. It was here, in the forested mountain slopes of the periphery of this area, that agriculture originated in an ecologically restricted environment. Besides the numerous archaeological sites with remains of skeletons and cultural relics the area is known primarily for its excavation sites linked to agricultural origins and development of the Neolithic era. The Mesopotamian valley and the Nile valley fall under this term even though the mountain zone around Mesopotamia is the natural zone for the transition in a historical sense.Īs a result of a number of unique geographical factors the Fertile Crescent have an impressive history of early human agricultural activity and culture. The Fertile Crescent is a term for an old fertile area north, east and west of the Arabian Desert in Southwest Asia. The Indo-European Origin Myths of the Turks.Matsun-Making In The Armenian Highlands Is 5000 Years Old.Manifest Destiny in the History of the US.In Memoriam: 28 Indigenous Rights Defenders Murdered in Latin America in 2019.Armenian Carpets: Past, Present, Future.Ancient Kingdom of Lydia Has Re-Appeared to Haunt Armenia.Concerning the Western Steppe Herder (WSH).The cycle of death and rebirth – creation and transformation.
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